Fuente: Iniciativa Debate
375 de los científicos más prominentes en la materia, incluyendo 30 premios Nobel, advierten sobre la inacción política ante el calentamiento global en su pronunciamiento del 20 de septiembre 2016.
El calentamiento global es consecuencia de la actividad humana. No es una creencia, ni una teoría; no es un fraude o una conspiración. Es una realidad física.
El consumo de combustibles fósiles motorizó la revolución industrial. Pero también provocó aumentos en la concentración de gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera, provocando cambios significativos en el clima del planeta.
Las huellas del calentamiento global son visibles por todas partes: aumenta el nivel del mar, se calientan los océanos, se calienta la atmósfera y la superficie terrestre, se derriten las capas de hielo en el Ártico, en la Antártida, en los glaciares; se alteran los patrones de las lluvias, se acidifican los océanos, se propagan enfermedades, se extinguen especies, se amenaza el suministro de agua y alimentos a la población mundial.
El cambio climático provocado por la actividad humana no es algo alejado de nuestras experiencias diarias, afectando sólo lugares remotos. Es algo presente, aquí y ahora, en nuestro país, en nuestras comunidades. Es posiblemente la mayor amenaza actual para la humanidad, erosionando nuestra habilidad para construir un mejor futuro.
La ciencia del calentamiento global es conocida desde hace más de un siglo. Las evidencias, cada vez más fuertes, claras y contundentes, condujeron a todos los gobiernos del mundo a suscribir elAcuerdo de París en diciembre 2015. Participaron todos los países, a pesar de sus pronunciadas diferencias en sistemas de gobierno, en intereses nacionales, en responsabilidad por las emisiones acumuladas, en vulnerabilidad ante las crecientes consecuencias de los cambios climáticos en gestación. Los líderes de 193 países reconocieron que el calentamiento global es una amenaza real para las generaciones presentes y futuras de todo el planeta.
Las evidencias son incuestionables. Ningún científico con reputación las disputa. Es simplemente la verdad.
Sin embargo, a pesar del Acuerdo de París, corremos el riesgo de cruzar puntos sin retorno, como alteraciones en la circulación oceánica, la pérdida de enormes masas de hielo y la extinción de especies. Tales riesgos provocarían modificaciones dramáticas durante miles de años. No debemos asumir los riesgos de cruzar estos límites.
En la campaña presidencial de los Estados Unidos se vociferan dudas sobre el calentamiento global, o se insinúa que es sólo un proceso natural, o se afirma que el calentamiento global es un fraude. Estos señalamientos son falsos.
No son señalamientos nuevos. Se presentan en cada elección. Para el partido republicano es una condición electoral. Es realmente lamentable que el partido de Abraham Lincoln, el presidente que inició la Academia Nacional de las Ciencias, sea ahora cuestionado por la Academia Nacional de las Ciencias de hoy. Es igualmente lamentable que el partido de Richard Nixon, quien estableció laAgencia de Protección Ambiental, trate ahora de eliminarla. Más lamentable aún es que el partido que presume promover una visión fiscalmente conservadora, con su insostenible posición sobre el calentamiento global provoque costos económicos y sociales muchos más altos para todos los ciudadanos.
Los científicos hemos advertido por décadas sobre los peligros del calentamiento global para todo el mundo. Vemos como tales predicciones se han venido corroborando. Ya no hay científicos de reputación en desacuerdo sobre los factores fundamentales que modifican el clima.
A pesar de este progreso, no faltan quienes pretendan conducirnos al pasado, quienes se ciegan ante las contundentes evidencias científicas. Para aquellos ciudadanos que voten por políticos que niegan la ciencia, que arremeten contra los científicos en lugar de arremeter contra las causas del calentamiento global, su legado será el calentamiento global que pudieron haber contribuido a evitar.
¿Qué le dirán a sus hijos?
Firmado por:
Benjamin D. Santer, Member, National Academy of Sciences, Kerry A. Emanuel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, George B. Field, Harvard University, Ray Weymann, Carnegie Institution for Science Emeritus, Peter C. Agre, Johns Hopkina Malaria Research Institute, Bruce Alberts, University of California San Francisco, Thomas D. Albright, The Salk institute for Biological Studies, Richard M. Amasino, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Jim Anderson, Harvard University, Phillip W. Anderson, Princeton University, Roger Angel, University of Arizona, Luc E. Anselin, University of Chicago. Fred Anson, California Institute of Technology. David Arnett, Univerity of Arizona. Mary T. Kalin Arroyo, University of Chile. Greg Asner, Carnegie Institution for Science. Sir Michael Atiyah, University of Edinburgh. Tanya M. Atwater, University of California Santa Barbara. Francisco J. Ayala, University of California Irvine. George Backus, University of California San Diego. Neta Bahcall, Princeton University. Steven Balbus, University of Oxford. David Baltimore, California Institute of Technology. Allen Bard, University of Texas. Sir David Baulcombe, University of Cambridge. Adriaan Bax, Member, National Academy of Sciences. Barry J. Beaty, Colorado State University. Michael Bender, Princeton University. Charles L. Bennett, Johns Hopkins University. Michael V.L. Bennett, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, University of Georgia. John Bercaw, California Institute of Technology. May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Howard Berg, Harvard University. Robert Bergman, University of California Berkeley. Jacques E. Blamont, Centre National d’ Etudes Spatiales. Roger Blandford, Stanford University. Michael R Botchan, University of California Berkeley. Ed A. Boyle, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Daniel Branton, Member, National Academy of Sciences. Winslow Briggs, Carnegie Institution for Science. Steven P. Briggs, University of California San Diego. Wallace Broecker, Columbia University. Axel T. Brunger, Stanford University. Douglas W. Burbank, University of California Santa Barbara. E. Margaret Burbidge, University of California San Diego Emerita. John Cairns, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Mark A. Cane, Columbia University. Claude Canizares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Marian Carlson, Columbia University. John Carlson, Yale University. Stephen Carpenter, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Sean B. Carroll, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Emily A. Carter, Princeton University. Katherine Cashman, University of Bristol. Juan Carlos Castilla, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Anny Cazenave, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales. Thure E. Cerling, University of Utah.Sylvia T. Ceyer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Martin Chalfie, Columbia University. F. Stuart Chapin, University of Alaska. Roger Chevalier, University of Virginia. Steven Chu, Stanford University. Ralph Cicerone, Professor Emeritus, University of California. David E. Clapham, Harvard Medical School. George Clark, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Michael T. Clegg, University of California Irvine. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel. Jonathan J. Cole, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. Rita R. Colwell, University of Maryland. Karen S. Cook, Stanford University. Richard M. Cowling, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. James Cronin, University of Chicago. Paul J. Crutzen, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. Roy Curtiss III, University of Florida. Gretchen Daily, Stanford University. G. Brent Dalrymple, Oregon State University. Sir Partha Dasgupta, University of Cambridge. Earl W. Davie, University of Washington. Russ E. Davis, University of California San Diego. Marc Davis, University of California Berkeley. Ruth DeFries, Columbia University. Edward F. DeLong, University of Hawaii Manoa. David L. Denlinger, Ohio State University. George Denton, University of Maine. Donald DePaolo, Univerity of California Berkeley. Bob Dickinson, University of Texas. Rodolfo Dirzo, Stanford University. Michael J. Donoghue, Yale University. Russell F. Doolittle, University of California San Diego. Dennis A. Dougherty, California Institute of Technology. John E. Dowling, Harvard University. Bruce Draine, Princeton University. Alan Dressler, Carnegie Institution for Science. Thomas Dunne, University of California Santa Barbara. Joseph R. Ecker, Member, National Academy of Sciences. R. Lawrence Edwards, University of Minnesota. Paul Ehrlich, Stanford University. John M. Eiler, California Institute of Technology. David Eisenberg, University of California Los Angeles. Richard Eisenberg, University of Rochester. W. Gary Ernst, Stanford University. Mark Estelle, University of California San Diego. James A. Estes, University of California Santa Cruz. Paul Falkowski, Rutgers University. Nina V. Fedoroff, Pennsylvania State University Emerita. Juli Feigon, University of California Los Angeles. Joseph Felsenstein, University of Washington. Alex Filippenko, University of California Berkeley. Gerald D. Fischbach, Simons Foundation, Chief Scientist. Edmond H. Fischer, University of Washington. Donald Forsyth, Brown University. Stewart Fotheringham, Arizona State University. Wendy Freedman, University of Chicago. Katherine H. Freeman, Pennsylvania State University. Perry Allen Frey, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Margaret T. Fuller, Stanford University. Douglas J. Futuyma, Stony Brook University. Fred H. Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Research. Chris Garrett, University of Victoria. Neil Gehrels, Member, National Academy of Sciences. Reinhard Genzel, Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik. Howard Georgi, Harvard University. Charles Gilbert, The Rockefeller University. Sheldon Glashow, Boston University. Roy Glauber, Harvard University. Alexander N. Glazer, University of California Berkeley. Peter H. Gleick, Pacific Institute. Stephen P. Goff, Columbia University. Robert B. Goldberg, University of California Los Angeles. Peter Goldreich, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. Michael Goodchild, University of California Santa Barbara.Richard Goody, Harvard University. Fred Gould, North Carolina State University. Harry Gray, California Institute of Technology. Paul Greengard, Rockefeller University. Diane E. Griffin, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. David Gross, University of California Santa Barbara. Charles G. Gross, Princeton University. Carol A. Gross, University of California San Francisco. Timothy Grove, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Robert H. Grubbs, California Institute of Technology. Jim Gunn, Princeton University. Sarah Hake, Agricultural Research Service. Alexander Halliday, University of Oxford. Jim Hansen, Columbia University. Susan Hanson, Clark University. Stanley Hart, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Daniel L. Hartl, Harvard University. Dennis Hartmann, University of Washington. Robert Haselkorn, The University of Chicago. Alan Hastings, University of California Davis. Robert M. Hauser, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Stephen Hawking, Cambridge University. Wick C. Haxton, Univerity of California Berkeley. John Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Martha P. Haynes, Cornell University. Timothy Heckman, Johns Hopkins University. Carl Heiles, University of California Berkeley. Lars Hernquist, Harvard University. Dudley Herschbach, Harvard University. John G. Hildebrand, University of Arizona. David M. Hillis, University of Texas. Sarah Hobbie, University of Minnesota. Bert Hoelldobler, Arizona State University. Paul F. Hoffman, University of Victoria. Albrecht W. Hofmann, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. Sir Brian Hoskins, Imperial College London & University of Reading. Andre T. Jagendorf, Cornell University. Daniel H. Janzen, University of Pennsylvania. J.R. Jokipii, University of Arizona. Tom Jordan, University of Southern California. Jean Jouzel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climate et de l’Environnement. William A. Jury, University of California Riverside. H. Ronald Kaback, University of California Los Angeles. Thomas Kailath, Stanford University. Peter M. Kareiva, University of California Los Angeles. David Karl, University of Hawaii. Harvey Karten, Professor Emeritus, University of California San Diego. Guinevere Kauffmann, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. Steve A. Kay, University of Southern California. Paul Kay, International Computer Science Institute. Peter Kelemen, Columbia University. Kenneth Kellermann, National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Donald Kennedy, Stanford University. Charles Kennel, University of California San Diego. Robert C. Kennicutt, Cambridge University. Wolfgang Ketterle, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Margaret Kidwell, University of Arizona. Susan W. Kieffer, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Peter S. Kim, Stanford University. Patrick V. Kirch, University of California Berkeley. Margaret Kivelson, University of California Los Angeles. Daniel Kleppner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Catherine L. Kling, Iowa State University. Judith P. Klinman, University of California Berkeley. Eric I. Knudsen, Stanford University School of Medicine. Brian Koblika, Stanford University School of Medicine. M.A.R. Koehl, Univerity of California Berkeley. David Kohlstedt, University of Minnesota. Sir Hans Kornberg, Boston University. John Krebs, University of Oxford. Shrinivas Kulkarni, California Institute of Technology. J. Clark Lagarias, University of California Davis. Kurt Lambeck, Australian National University. Eric Lambin, Stanford University. Arthur Landy, Brown University. Charles H. Langmuir, Harvard University. Brian A. Larkins, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. John H. Law, University of Arizona Emeritus. Sir John Lawton, Former Chief Executive, UK Natural Environment Research Council. Yuan Lee, Academica Sinica Taiwan. Richard E. Lenski, Michigan State University. Simon Levin, Princeton University. Michael Levitt, Stanford University School of Medicine. Gene E. Likens, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. Laszlo Lorand, Feinberg Medical School Northwestern University Emeritus. C. Owen Lovejoy, Kent State University. Jane Lubchenco, Oregon State University. Jonathan I. Lunine, Cornell University. Michael Lynch, Indiana University. Akin Mabogunje, Foundation for Development and Environmental Initiatives. Trudy Mackay, North Carolina State University. Anthony P. Mahowald, University of Chicago. Syukuro Manabe, Princeton University. Joyce Marcus, University of Michigan. Rudolph A. Marcus, California Institute of Technology. Douglas S. Massey, Princeton University. Pamela A. Matson, Stanford University. Rowena G. Matthews, University of Michigan Emerita. Michel G. Mayor, University of Geneva. Bonnie J. McCay, Rutgers University. Richard McCray, University of Colorado. Bruce S. McEwen, Rockefeller University. Fred McLafferty, Cornell University. Jim McWilliams, University of California Los Angeles. Jerrold Meinwald, Cornell University. Jerry M. Melillo, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. Henry J. Melosh, Purdue University. Sabeeha Merchant, University of California Los Angeles. Joachim Messing, Rutgers University. Mario Molina, University of California San Diego. Harold Mooney, Stanford University. Peter B. Moore, Yale University. James M. Moran, Member, National Academy of Sciences. Nancy Moran, University of Texas. M. Granger Morgan, Carnegie Mellon University. Ellen S. Mosley-Thompson, Ohio State University. Walter Munk, University of California San Diego. Royce Murray, Univeristy of North Carolina. Sidney Nagel, University of Chicago. Ramesh Narayan, Harvard University. Jeremy Nathans, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Eugene W. Nester, University of Washington. William T. Newsome, Stanford University. Richard P. Novick, New York University School of Medicine. Paul E. Olsen, Columbia University. Peter Olson, Johns Hopkins University. Neil D. Opdyke, University of Florida. Jeremiah Ostriker, Columbia University. Sarah Otto, University of British Columbia. Sir Ronald Oxburgh, Cambridge University. Stephen Pacala, Member, National Academy of Sciences. Norman R. Pace, University of Colorado. Richard D. Palmiter, University of Washington School of Medicine. Stephen Palumbi, Stanford University. Joseph Pedlosky, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Jim Peebles, Princeton University. Gordon Pettengill, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. S. George Philander, Princeton University. William Phillips, Member, National Academy of Sciences Dolores R. Piperno, Member, National Academy of Sciences Terry Plank, Columbia University William H. Press, University of TexasFrank Press, Member, National Academy of SciencesGeorge W. Preston, Carnegie Institution for SciencePeter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical GardenMaureen E. Raymo, Columbia UniversityMartin Rees, Cambridge UniversityPeter Rhines, University of WashingtonFrank Richter, University of ChicagoRobert E. Ricklefs, University of MissouriLynn M. Riddiford, University of WashingtonGeorge Rieke, University of ArizonaMarcia Rieke, University of ArizonaAdam Riess, Johns Hopkins UniversityMorton Roberts, National Radio Astronomy ObservatoryGene E. Robinson, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignA. Kimball Romney, University of California IrvineMichael Rosbash, Brandeis UniversityMal Ruderman, Columbia UniversityRoberta L. Rudnick, University of California Santa BarbaraGary Ruvkun, Massachusetts General HospitalRoald Sagdeev, University of MarylandPedro A. Sanchez, Columbia UniversityDavid Sandwell, University of California San DiegoJoshua R. Sanes, Harvard UniversityDaniel L. Schacter, Harvard UniversityPaul Schechter, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyRandy W. Schekman, University of California BerkeleyHans Joachim Schellnhuber, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchDavid W. Schindler, University of AlbertaBill Schlesinger, Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesJohanna Schmitt, University of California DavisRobert J. Scholes, University of the WitswatersrandJulian Schroeder, University of California San DiegoGerald Schubert, Universty of California Los AngelesMatthew P. Scott, President, Carnegie Institution for ScienceSara Seager, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyRonald R. Sederoff, North Carolina State UniversityJeff Severinghaus, University of California San DiegoIrwin Shapiro, Harvard UniversityCarla J. Shatz, Stanford UniversityPeter Shearer, University of California San DiegoFrank Shu, University of California San DiegoKerry Sieh, Nanyang Technological UniversityJames Simons, Chairman, Simons FoundationNorman H. Sleep, Stanford UniversitySusan Solomon, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPamela S. Soltis, University of FloridaAlfred Sommer, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthDavid Spergel, Princeton UniversityNicholas C. Spitzer, University of California San DiegoCharles Steidel, California Institute of TechnologyThomas A. Steitz, Yale UniversityEdward Stolper, California Institute of TechnologyHoward A. Stone, Princeton UniversityJoan E. Strassmann, Washington University, St. LouisTimothy Swager, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLynn R. Sykes, Columbia University EmeritusHarvey Tananbaum, Member, National Academy of SciencesJoseph Taylor, Princeton UniversitySaul A. Teukolsky, Cornell UniversityDavid Hurst Thomas, American Museum of Natural HistoryLonnie Thompson, Ohio State UniversityKip Thorne, Member, National Academy of SciencesJames M. Tiedje, Michigan State UniversityAlar Toomre, Massachusetts Institute of technologyScott Tremaine, Institute for Advanced StudySusan Trumbore, Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJames Tumlinson, Pennsylvania State UniversityMonica G. Turner, University of Wisconsin-MadisonAnthony Tyson, University of California DavisJoan Selverstone, Valentine University of California Los AngelesJames L. Van Etten, University of NebraskaMartha Vaughan, Member, National Academy of SciencesInder Verma, The Salk institute for Biological StudiesGeorge Veronis, Yale UniversityPeter H. von Hippel, University of OregonGerhard Wagner, Harvard Medical SchoolDavid B. Wake, University of California BerkeleyDavid Walker, Columbia UniversityJohn M. Wallace, University of WashingtonE. Bruce Watson, Member, National Academy of SciencesSteven Weinberg, University of TexasRainer Weiss, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyWilliam J. Welch, University of California BerkeleyMary Jane West-Eberhard, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute EmeritaSimon D.M. White, Max Planck Institute for AstrophysicsTorsten N. Wiesel, President Emeritus, The Rockefeller UniversityEdward O. Wilson, Harvard UniversityRobert W. Wilson, Member, National Academy of SciencesDavid Wineland, Member, National Academy of SciencesSteven Wofsy, Harvard UniversityJulian Wolpert, Princeton UniversityJohn Wood, Member, National Academy of SciencesGeorge M. Woodwell, Woods Hole Research CenterStanford E. Woosley, University of California Santa CruzCarl Wunsch, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyKeith Yamamoto, University of California San FranciscoMartin Yanofsky, University of California San DiegoTilahun Yilma, University of California DavisWilliam Young, University of California San DiegoMary Lou Zoback, Stanford UniversityMaria T. Zuber, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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